Medicines Alone Will Not Solve Global Obesity Crisis: WHO

New Delhi: As obesity continues to rise worldwide—contributing to millions of preventable deaths each year—the World Health Organisation (WHO) has cautioned that medications such as GLP-1 therapies are not a standalone solution for the more than one billion people affected globally.

Obesity, defined by WHO as a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or above in adults, is recognised as a chronic and relapsing disease. The organisation has approved GLP-1 receptor agonists—such as liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide—for long-term obesity treatment. These medicines help reduce blood sugar levels, support weight loss, lower risks of cardiovascular and kidney diseases, and reduce premature mortality in people with type 2 diabetes.

However, soaring global demand for GLP-1 therapies has led to the circulation of falsified and substandard products, posing serious risks to patient safety and public trust.

In response, the WHO has issued its first guideline on the use of GLP-1 therapies for obesity. The recommendations emphasise that these treatments should be part of a comprehensive approach involving a healthy diet, regular physical activity, behavioural support, and professional health guidance.

“Obesity is a major global health challenge that WHO is committed to addressing effectively and equitably. Our new guidance recognises obesity as a chronic disease requiring comprehensive and lifelong care,” said WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.
“While medication alone won’t solve the crisis, GLP-1 therapies can help millions overcome obesity and reduce its associated harms,” he added.

Obesity remains a significant driver of noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, and type 2 diabetes. It also worsens health outcomes for infectious diseases. By 2030, the economic cost of obesity is expected to reach a staggering $3 trillion annually.

The new WHO guidelines highlight the need for robust prevention strategies alongside treatment. They recommend:

* Creating healthier environments through strong public health policies
* Screening and early interventions for individuals at high risk
* Ensuring lifelong, person-centred obesity care

The guidelines also note that GLP-1 therapies should not be used by pregnant women and must be paired with intensive behavioural interventions, including structured diet and physical activity programmes.

WHO stressed the urgency of ensuring equitable access to GLP-1 therapies. Without deliberate policy measures, global health inequalities could worsen. Current projections indicate that even with expanded production, fewer than 10% of those who could benefit from these therapies will have access by 2030.

The organisation calls for global strategies—including pooled procurement, tiered pricing, and voluntary licensing—to improve affordability and availability.

—With inputs from IANS