Scientists uncover brain mechanism behind infant-parent bonding

New Delhi — Israeli scientists have identified how the hormone oxytocin helps shape emotional development in young brains, particularly in response to separation from parents.

A research team at the Weizmann Institute of Science developed a noninvasive technique to silence specific brain cells in mouse pups without disrupting their natural behaviour, Xinhua reported.

Through this approach, the researchers revealed that oxytocin activity in the brain strongly influences how pups handle temporary separation from their mothers.

Often referred to as the “love hormone” for its role in fostering social bonds, oxytocin has been widely studied in adults. This study, however, highlights its critical role in early life.

The findings showed that mouse pups with an active oxytocin system adapted more smoothly and cried less when separated. In contrast, pups whose oxytocin system was turned off failed to adjust, continuing to emit distress calls until reunited with their mothers.

Published in the journal Science, the study further found that oxytocin affects behaviour after reunion as well. Pups with active oxytocin systems displayed distinct vocalisations — frequent calls that first signalled a need for closeness and then a shift to calmness.

The researchers also noted early sex differences: female pups were more sensitive to changes in oxytocin activity, indicating that emotional development may diverge between males and females sooner than previously understood.

According to the team, these insights provide a deeper understanding of how early experiences and brain chemistry shape long-term emotional and social behaviour. The findings could also inform future studies into conditions such as autism, where these developmental pathways may be disrupted.

With inputs from IANS